Incazelo kanye nomsuka we-CPM kanye ne-PERT
El I-CPM (Critical Path Criterion) kanye ne ISITOLO (Ukuhlola Nokubuyekezwa Kohlelo) izindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi ezihlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nempumelelo yokuhlela nokwenza imisebenzi. Zombili izindlela zavela kumongo we kwezezimboni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi, nakuba ngayinye inezici ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Umlando we-CPM ne-PERT
I-CPM yasungulwa ngawo-1950 ngu DuPont y I-Remington-Rand ukwandisa isikhathi sokwenza ku- ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-PERT idalwe ngu- I-United States Navy ukuhlela amaphrojekthi adinga izinga eliphezulu lokungaqiniseki, njengokuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi okuvikela.
Yini i-CPM?
El I-CPM kuyindlela esetshenziswa ukukhomba imisebenzi ebalulekile ngaphakathi kwephrojekthi. Ivumela isikhathi esincane esidingekayo ukuze kuqedwe yonke iphrojekthi ukuthi sinqunywe. Okugxilwe kakhulu kwe-CPM ukuthi isiza abaphathi bephrojekthi ukuthi banqume ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi, uma ilibaziseka, engathinta isikhathi sokuphothula iphrojekthi.
Izinto ze-CPM
Izakhi ezibalulekile ze- I-CPM hlanganisa:
- Imisebenzi: Bamele imisebenzi okufanele yenziwe.
- Ubude besikhathi: Lezi isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuqeda umsebenzi ngamunye.
- Ukuncipha: Zikhombisa ukuthi imisebenzi ihlobana kanjani.
- Indlela ebucayi: Ukulandelana kwemisebenzi enquma ubude besikhathi bephrojekthi.
Isetshenziswa kanjani i-CPM
Ukusetshenziswa kwe I-CPM Idinga izinyathelo ezithile ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo okufanele:
Ukuhlonza imisebenzi
Isigaba sokuqala se-CPM wukubala yonke imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze kuqedwe iphrojekthi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela yomdwebo wenethiwekhi, lapho umsebenzi ngamunye umelelwa khona njengenodi.
Ukulinganisa Isikhathi
Uma imisebenzi isiphawuliwe, ubude besikhathi ngasinye siyalinganiselwa. Kumelwe kubhekwe izinto ezimbalwa, njengezinsiza ezikhona, izimo zephrojekthi, kanye nezenzakalo ezingalindelekile ezingase zibe khona.
Ukusungulwa kobudlelwano bokuncika
Kubalulekile ukuchaza ukuthi imisebenzi ihlobana kanjani. Eminye imisebenzi ayikwazi ukuqaliswa ize iqedwe eminye. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ekuhlonzeni i- indlela ebucayi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwendlela ebalulekile
Njengoba yonke imisebenzi, izikhathi, nokuncika sekucacile, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukubala indlela ebucayi. Lokhu ukulandelana kwemisebenzi enquma ubude besikhathi bephrojekthi. Imisebenzi esendleleni ebucayi iyona ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlangabezaneni nezinsuku zokugcina.
Ukuqapha nokulawula
Uma iphrojekthi isiqhubeka, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ukuqhubeka nokulungisa isikhathi nezinsiza njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwephrojekthi ngempumelelo.
Yini i-PERT?
i ISITOLO Kuyindlela ehloselwe ukuhlela nokulawula amaphrojekthi lapho ubude besikhathi somsebenzi bungaqinisekile. Iwusizo ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi ocwaningo nentuthuko, lapho kunokungaqiniseki okuphezulu mayelana nezikhathi zokuqeda.
Izinto ze-PERT
Izinto ezibalulekile ze ISITOLO hlanganisa:
- Imicimbi: Amele ama-milestone noma amaphoyinti okuqalisa nokuphetha omsebenzi.
- Imisebenzi: Lena imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze uqhubekele phambili usuka kwesinye isehlakalo uye kwesinye.
- Ubude besikhathi obulinganiselwe: Ku-PERT, kusetshenziswe izilinganiso ezintathu: ithemba, ukungabi nathemba, futhi okungenzeka kakhulu ukunikeza ibanga lesikhathi lomsebenzi ngamunye.
Isetshenziswa kanjani i-PERT
Njenge-CPM, i-PERT ilandela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokusetshenziswa kwayo ngempumelelo:
Ukuhlonza imisebenzi nemicimbi
Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukubala yonke imisebenzi kanye nokuchaza izehlakalo ezibalulekile ezizomela amaqophamlando kuyo yonke iphrojekthi.
Izikhathi zokulinganisa
Ngokungafani ne-CPM, ku-PERT akubona kuphela ubude besikhathi okungenzeka kakhulu bulinganiselwe, kodwa futhi nethemba (isimo esingcono kakhulu) kanye nobude besikhathi obungenathemba (isimo esibi kakhulu). Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i- Ifomula ye-PERT:
T= (O +4M + P) / 6
lapho T Yisikhathi esilindelekile, O Isikhathi sethemba, M Yisikhathi okungenzeka kakhulu futhi P yisikhathi esingenathemba.
Ukudala umdwebo we-PERT
Kwenziwa umdwebo oxhumanisa yonke imicimbi nemisebenzi ngokusekelwe ekuncikeni kwayo. Lo mdwebo ubonisa ngokusobala ukuhamba kwephrojekthi.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwenethiwekhi ye-PERT
Njengaku-CPM, indlela ngayinye emdwebeni iyahlaziywa ukuze kubonakale indlela ebalulekile. Lapha, imisebenzi enezinga eliphezulu lokuhlukahluka ithakaselwa ngokukhethekile.
Ukuqapha nokulungiswa
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ku-PERT. Uma kubhekwa isikhathi esingaqinisekile kule ndlela yokusebenza, kuyadingeka ukulungiselelwa ukwenza izinguquko ezilinganisweni njengoba iphrojekthi iqhubeka.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-CPM ne-PERT
Ngezansi kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-CPM ne-PERT:
| Ukubukeka | I-CPM | ISITOLO |
|---|---|---|
| Gxila | Igxile ekunqumeni izikhathi | Igxile esilinganisweni samathuba |
| Aplicaciones | Imisebenzi ye ukwakhiwa, ukukhiqiza | Imisebenzi ye uphenyo, ukuthuthukiswa |
| Ubude besikhathi semisebenzi | Ubude besikhathi obumisiwe | Ubude obungaqinisekile |
| Umdwebo | Umdwebo wenethiwekhi osuselwe emsebenzini | Umdwebo wenethiwekhi osuselwe kumcimbi |
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-CPM ne-PERT
Womabili amasu anezinzuzo kanye nokubi! Zinemininingwane ngezansi.
Izinzuzo ze-CPM
- Ukucaca ekuhleleni: Ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke imisebenzi ebalulekile.
- Ukusebenza kahle kwesikhashana: Isiza ukunciphisa izikhathi zokulethwa ngokuhlonza ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ebalulekile.
- Ukuphathwa kwezinsiza okuthuthukisiwe: Ilungiselela ukwabiwa okuphelele kwezinsiza ngokuya ngendlela ebalulekile.
Ukungalungi kwe-CPM
- Ukungaguquguquki: Ingaqina ezindaweni lapho kunokuhlukahluka okuningi.
- Ukugxila okuncane: Ucabanga ukuthi ubude besikhathi buyabikezelwa, okungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Izinzuzo ze-PERT
- Ukuguquguquka: Ilungele amaphrojekthi lapho kunokungaqiniseki ngesikhathi semisebenzi.
- Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezinkinga: Isiza ukukhonjwa kwezingqinamba ezingaba khona.
Ukungalungi kwe-PERT
- Inkimbinkimbi ekuphatheni: Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuphatha uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CPM.
- Izikhathi zokuhlaziya ezinwetshiwe: : Idinga isikhathi esengeziweukunquma izilinganiso zesikhathi.
El I-CPM futhi i ISITOLO zingamathuluzi amabili okuthi, nakuba ehlukile endleleni asetshenziswa ngayo, aphelelisane ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi. Ukukhetha phakathi kokukodwa nokunye kuncike kakhulu kuhlobo lwephrojekthi, isiqiniseko semisebenzi kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bemvelo kuleyo naleyo. Kokubili kuvumela abaphathi bephrojekthi ukuthi babe nokulawula okukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinsiza kanye nezingozi ezihlobene, ezingaholela empumelelweni ekufezeni izinjongo ezimisiwe.
Ukuqaliswa kwalawa masu kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo ezinqubweni zokuhlela nokwenza, kuthuthukise isikhathi nokuphathwa kwezinsiza kumaphrojekthi ezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kokubili i-CPM ne-PERT kungamathuluzi ayisisekelo kunqolobane yanoma yimuphi umphathi wephrojekthi, ehlinzeka ngohlaka oluhlelekile lokubhekana nobunzima nokungaqiniseki okukhona kumaphrojekthi wesimanje.
- Ukuqeqeshwa okwanele:Kuqinisekisa ukuthi ithimba lephrojekthi liqeqeshiwe ekusebenziseni i-CPM ne-PERT ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwazo.
- Sebenzisa amathuluzi ezobuchwepheshe: Faka isofthiwe ekhethekile esiza ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlaziywa kwemidwebo yenethiwekhi.
- Izibuyekezo ngezikhathi ezithile: Yenza ukubuyekezwa okujwayelekile kwemisebenzi nezikhathi ezilinganisiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zihlala ziyiqiniso futhi zifike ngesikhathi.
- Ukuhlanganisa izindlela: Cabangela ukusebenzisa i-CPM ezingxenyeni zephrojekthi ezinemisebenzi ecacile kanye ne-PERT yalezo ezibandakanya ukungaqiniseki.
Zombili lezi zindlela, i-CPM ne-PERT, zinikeza imibono ehlukene nezindlela ezingalungiselelwa izidingo ezithile zephrojekthi ngayinye. Okubalulekile wukuqonda amandla kanye nobuthakathaka babo bese ukhetha indlela ehambisana kangcono nezinhloso zephrojekthi kanye nohlobo lwemisebenzi ezokwenziwa. Ngokuhlela okufanele nokuqapha okuphumelelayo, kungenzeka ukwandisa amathuba okuphumelela ekuphathweni kwephrojekthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyinkimbinkimbi noma ububanzi bayo.