- Ukufunda ukuqondisa wena kuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka, ugqozi, nokudluliselwa emsebenzini ngokubeka phambili imigomo namasu omuntu.
- Ucwaningo lusekela ukusebenza kahle kwalo kuma-MOOC, amaphrojekthi ahlanganyelwe, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo ephakeme, nokufunda ulimi.
- I-AI yenza imizila ibe ngeyakho, ihlonze izidingo, futhi idale imiphakathi, inqobo nje uma isetshenziswa ngobuhlakani nangolwazi lwedijithali.
- Imigomo ecacile, ukuzilawula, nokuhlola okwakhayo kusekela ukuzimela kanye nezinqubo ezingaka kunoma yimuphi umongo.
Ukufunda okuziqondisayo sekuyinto ebalulekile ekuphenduleni umphakathi oshintsha ngokushesha. Ngokungafani nokufundisa kwendabuko, namuhla kunokukhetha ukufunda okuguquguqukayo nokuqhubekayo, okukwazi ukuhlanganiswa nomsebenzi, umndeni, nezidingo zomuntu siqu. Lo mkhuba awuveli ndawo: izifundo eziningi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho emfundweni ephakeme, ekuqeqeshweni kwemisebenzi, kanye nokufunda impilo yonke kubonisa ukufaneleka kwayo kanye nemiphumela emihle.
Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zayo ezingokoqobo, ukufunda okuziqondisayo kuxhuma namakhono abalulekile ekhulu lama-21: ukuzilawula, ukucabanga okubucayi, ukuphatha isikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zedijithali ngamasu, kanye nokubambisana. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) buvele futhi njengethuluzi lokwenza izindlela zokufunda zibe ngezakho, ukuhlaziya inqubekela phambili, nokuncoma okuqukethwe, okwandisa amandla ale ndlela ngaphandle kokunciphisa indima esebenzayo yomfundi omdala, kufaka phakathi ngamapulatifomu afana nezinsizakusebenza ze-YouTube.
Sisho ukuthini ngokuzifundisa ukuzifundisa lapho usumdala?
Ngamagama alula, ukufunda okuziqondisayo (SD) kusho ukuthi umuntu uthatha isinyathelo enkambisweni yakhe yokufunda: ukuchaza imigomo, ukuhlela, ukukhetha izinsiza, ukusebenzisa, nokuhlola lokho akufundile ukulungisa amasu. Luhlaka oluguquguqukayo olungasetshenziswa ezimweni ezisemthethweni (eyunivesithi, ezinhlelweni ze-postgraduate), ezingezona ezisemthethweni (izifundo, izitifiketi), kanye nezingekho emthethweni (ukuzifundela, ukuqeqeshwa emsebenzini, imiphakathi eku-inthanethi).
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa nokufunda okuzilawulayo (SRL): kuhlobene kodwa akuzona izinto ezifanayo . Ukuzilawula kugxila ezinqubweni zokuqonda, zokugqugquzela, nezokuziphatha ezivumela abantu ukuthi balawule amasu abo okufunda; ukuziqondisa kuhlanganisa nokwenza izinqumo mayelana nokuthi yini, kanjani, nini, nokuthi yiziphi izinsiza zokufunda. Izincwadi zemfundo zibhekane nalo mehluko ukuze kugwenywe amazinga okuzimela adidayo ngokusebenzisa amasu okuzilawula.
Emfundweni yabantu abadala, ukufunda okuziqondisayo kufaneleka kakhulu ngoba kuqaphela izindlela zokufunda zomuntu ngamunye, ulwazi lomsebenzi wangaphambilini, kanye nezisusa zangaphakathi. Kuvumela abafundi ukuthi balungise ijubane labo, bahlanganise ukufunda nezinhlelo ezidingayo, futhi baxhumanise izinhloso zokuqeqesha nemigomo ethile yobungcweti noma yempilo.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko nokuthi Kungani Kubalulekile Manje
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu, izincwadi zakamuva kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kugqamisa ukuguquguquka kokulungisa ijubane kanye nokujula kokufunda. Leli khwalithi lenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa nomsebenzi, ukunakekela, kanye nezinye izibopho, okuvimbela abafundi ukuthi bayeke ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhathi.
Enye inzuzo ecacile ukufinyeleleka kwezinsizakusebenza : izinto ezivulekile, izindawo zokugcina ulwazi lwezemfundo, izifundo eziku-inthanethi, imiphakathi, namathuluzi edijithali anciphisa izithiyo zendawo nezomnotho. Lokhu kufinyelela okwandisiwe kuye kwavula amathuba entando yeningi, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinezinketho ezimbalwa zokubonana ubuso nobuso.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho abantu abadala bekhetha imigomo yabo kanye nokuqukethwe, isisusa kanye nokuzibophezela okuqhubekayo kuvame ukwanda . Ukufunda akube yisibopho sangaphandle futhi kuba iphrojekthi enenjongo, ehumushela ekuqhubekeni nasekusebenziseni okusebenzayo emsebenzini.
Ukuziqondisa kuqinisa nokuzimela kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthuthuka komuntu. Lokhu kuzimela kwenza kube lula ukudluliselwa kokufunda ezimweni ezintsha, kukhuthaza ukucabanga okujulile, futhi kusiza ekwenzeni izinqumo ezingcono empilweni yansuku zonke.
Okokugcina, ngokudinga ukuhlela, ukubeka izinto phambili, kanye nokuhlola okuqhubekayo, ukufunda ngokwenza kuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwesikhathi kanye namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga . Ezimweni ezinzima nezishintshayo, le mikhuba yenza umehluko phakathi kokufunda ngokungapheli nokufunda ngendlela enenjongo neqhubekayo.
Okushiwo ucwaningo: ubufakazi kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa
Izincwadi ezikhethekile zihlaziye ukuziqondisa ezimweni eziningi. Ezindaweni ze-MOOC, isibonelo, kutholakale amaphrofayili okulawula achaza indlela abahlanganyeli abaphatha ngayo intuthuko yabo ngokwemigomo, amasu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Lokhu kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi kungani abanye abafundi bephumelela ezifundweni ezinkulu kanti abanye bengaphumeleli, nokuthi yini esekelwa ukufunda ekhuthaza ukuphikelela.
Emsebenzini wasensimini namaphrojekthi okuxhumana ngemidiya ehlukahlukene, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukufunda okusekelwe kumaphrojekthi kukhuthaza amakhono okuziqondisa: ukuxoxisana ngezinhloso, ukwenza izinqumo ezihlanganyelwe, ukuqonda, kanye nokuhlolwa kontanga. Ingxenye yomphakathi iqinisa ukuzimela ngoba idinga abahlanganyeli ukuthi benze izinqubo zicace futhi bagcine izibopho eqenjini.
Ukufunda ngemvelo ekuqeqeshweni kokuqala kothisha kubonisa ukuthi ukufunda okusebenzayo kuyachuma ezindaweni zokufunda zomuntu siqu (ama-PLE) kanye namanethiwekhi amathuluzi, abantu, nokuqukethwe. Ukuhlela nokuhlakulela lezi zindawo kwandisa amathuba okuhlola, ukuzijwayeza, nokuzindla kusukela ezigabeni zokuqala zomsebenzi wothisha.
Ngokombono we-psychometric, izifundo ezahlukahlukene nabafundi bezemfundo zithuthukise futhi zaqinisekisa izikali ezilinganisa ukulungela ukufunda okuqondiswe bona , ziqinisekisa isakhiwo sazo sezici kanye nokusebenziseka kwazo ekuxilongeni amandla nezidingo zokusekelwa. Le ndlela ivumela ukungenelela okunembe kakhudlwana kanye nokulinganisa inqubekela phambili okunembe kakhudlwana.
Ubuchwepheshe bedijithali abuyona into esemqoka, kodwa ucwaningo ngabafundi bezemfundo luphakamise amamodeli emfundiso yokuziqondisa aqondiswa ngamathuluzi edijithali , echaza indlela izinqubo zokusesha, ukukhetha, ukuhlela nokudala ulwazi ezisebenza ngayo lapho umfundi ethembele kumapulatifomu, izindawo zokugcina kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ngokombono we-psychodidactic, kuye kwabhalwa phansi ukuthi ukuzikhandla kanye nokusebenziseka okubonakalayo kuhlanganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokwazi amasu okuzilawula nokuwasebenzisa ngempela. Ngamanye amazwi, akwanele ukwazi "okufanele ukwenze": umuntu kumelwe akholelwe ukuthi angakufeza futhi aqonde ukuthi kuyasiza ekufinyeleleni imigomo ethile.
Emfundweni yezokwelapha neyezempilo, ubufakazi buxhumanisa indawo yokufunda nokulungiselela ukufunda okuqondiswa nguwe , futhi ngisho nasezinhlelweni zokuhlala kwamazinyo, ukufunda okuxubile kuye kwakhuthaza ukuzihlela kanye nesifundo esizimele. Ngokufanayo, kutholakale izixhumanisi phakathi kokuziqondisa, izitayela zokufunda, kanye namasu kubafundi bezokwelapha, okugqamisa ukuhlukahluka kwamaphrofayili abo.
Imfundo yabantu abadala kanye nokuguga okusebenzayo kugxila ekufundeni impilo yonke kanye nezindlela ezifana nokufunda okusebenzayo . Izifundo ngemfundo kanye nabantu abadala zichaza ubudlelwano obuguquguqukayo nobuguqulayo: ukugcina amaphrojekthi okufunda okuzimele kunegalelo enhlalakahleni, ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamakhono amasiko nawedijithali.
Ekufundeni ulimi lwakwamanye amazwe kwabantu abadala, okuhlangenwe nakho kokwabelana ngamavidiyo, amaforamu, namathuluzi edijithali njengeDuolingo kuye kwakhuthaza ukuzimela, ukuzijwayeza ngamabomu, kanye nokudalwa kwemiphakathi yokusekela, ngisho nasemasikweni emfundo agxile kakhulu kuthisha.
Ezinye izindlela zandisa isithombe: ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezemfundo kanye nokubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kugqamisa izitayela ezibeka phambili ukufunda okufanele, izimo ezixubile, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okugxile kubafundi. Amamephu omqondo ngokuzilawula ahlinzeka ngombono oyinkimbinkimbi osiza ukuhlukanisa imikhuba futhi aklame ukungenelela okuvumelanayo.
Izindlela zemfundo yebanga ziqinisekisa amaphethini okuzilawula phakathi kwabafundi abaphothule izifundo eziku-inthanethi kanye namasu athile ezidigrini zobunjiniyela bebanga, kuyilapho izifundo zomhlaba wonke ngemisebenzi yemfundo yabantu abadala zibona izici ezibeka ukuhlanganyela (izisusa, izithiyo, umongo womsebenzi, imithwalo yemfanelo yomndeni).
Ngisho nocwaningo lwe-ethnographic mayelana nokucabanga okusebenzayo emisebenzini, njengokwabadwebi, lubonisa ukuthi sixazulula izinkinga zansuku zonke ngokucabanga okunengqondo kanye namasu asekelwe endaweni ethile akhuliswa ukufunda okuzimele okwakhelwe phezu kokuhlangenwe nakho.
Ukuziqondisa Okusekelwe Idijithali: Ukwenza kube ngokwakho, Idatha, kanye Nezinkundla
Ukwanda kwe-AI kungeze ungqimba lokwenza kube ngokwakho, lapho kusetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha, kungathuthukisa ukufunda ngaphandle kokufaka esikhundleni se-ejensi yabafundi. Izindaba ezifana nezikaMaría noCarlos zibonisa lolu shintsho : ngesikhathi esilinganiselwe nemigomo ecacile, bathola izindlela zokufunda ezinkundleni ezihlakaniphile ezenzelwe amandla abo, ubuthakathaka, kanye nezintshisekelo zabo, kanye nemiphakathi kanye nokuqeqeshwa okusekela ushintsho lomsebenzi wabo.
Lezi zinhlelo zihlaziya ukusebenza, izintandokazi, kanye nesivinini ukuze zincome okuqukethwe okufanele, ukulingisa, kanye nokuzivocavoca kokuzijwayeza, zinikeza impendulo ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokulungiswa okuguquguqukayo . Ngakho-ke, umuzwa wokunqotshwa "ulwazi oluningi kakhulu" uyancipha ngoba indawo isebenza njengesihlungi esihlakaniphile nesigxile emigomweni.
Ezimweni eziningi, idatha yokusetshenziswa ivumela ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kwezidingo zokusekelwa , isiqondiso sezinsiza ezifanele kakhulu, kanye nokusekelwa kwenqubekela phambili. Imibiko yakamuva kanye nezinhlolovo ezicashunwe engxoxweni yomphakathi nge-EdTech zikhomba ekuthuthukisweni kokugcinwa, ukusebenza kahle kocwaningo, kanye nokuzethemba okubonwayo lapho ukwenza ngokwezifiso kuhlanganiswa nemikhuba yokufundisa enengqondo.
Amapulatifomu asebenzisa i-AI enza okungaphezu nje kokuletha okuqukethwe: akhuthaza imiphakathi yokufunda lapho ukubambisana nokusekelwa kontanga kuchuma khona. Izindaba ezifana nezikaClara noMiguel zibonisa ukuthi, ngale kokufinyelela, okubaluleke ngempela ukwakha amanethiwekhi asekela ugqozi, avule iminyango yobungcweti, futhi aqinise umuzwa wokuba yingxenye.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinzuzo. Ukusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwala mathuluzi kudinga ulwazi lwedijithali, ikhono lokuhlola ikhwalithi yolwazi , kanye nekhono lokugwema ukuncika kwezobuchwepheshe. Isihluthulelo ukwenza i-AI ibe yindlela yokusiza ekhulisa ukuziqondisa, hhayi i-autopilot eyithatha indawo yayo.
Amasu asebenzayo okuthuthukisa ukuziqondisa ngokwakho
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuzibekela imigomo ecacile nengokoqobo , ehambisana nezidingo ezithile (ukuthuthuka emsebenzini, ukuqeqeshwa kabusha, ukushintsha umsebenzi, intuthuko yomuntu siqu). Izinhloso ze-SMART kanye nemiphumela yokufunda ehlelwe kahle kusiza ukugcina ukugxila nokulinganisa intuthuko.
Okwesibili, kuyalulekwa ukuklama uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlelekile: imikhuba emincane, amabhlogo okufunda, kanye nokubuyekezwa njalo . Ukuzithiba akuyona into eqinile, kodwa ukuguquguquka: ukulindela izithiyo, ukulungiselela izinto zokwakha, kanye nokubeka isikhathi esivikelekile kwenza umehluko omkhulu.
Isici sesithathu ukunakekela isimo sakho semizwa: ukugcina isimo sengqondo esihle kanye nokuzikhandla kuthonya ukusetshenziswa kwamasu; uma sikholelwa ukuthi singakubona futhi sibona ukusebenza kwawo, sisebenzisa lokho esikwaziyo ngempumelelo enkulu. Ukunqoba okuncane kwamasonto onke kukhuthaza umjikelezo wokugqugquzela.
Ukubeka izinto kuqala kubalulekile: ukukhetha imisebenzi enomthelela omkhulu , ukufunda ukwenqaba, nokuhlela amaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi abe yizenzo ezilawulekayo kunciphisa ukungezwani. Amathuluzi okuphatha isikhathi (amabhodi e-Kanban, ukuvimba isikhathi, uhlu lwamandla) asebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezinengcindezi ephezulu.
Okokugcina, ukuzindla kanye nokuzihlola njalo kuqinisa inqubo: ukubukeza okusebenze kahle, okungasebenzanga, nokuthi kungani kuvumela ukulungiswa kwezinsizakusebenza, ijubane, kanye namasu. Amajenali okufunda, amarubrikhi omuntu siqu, kanye nempendulo yangaphandle kungamathuluzi anamandla.
Izimo zokusetshenziswa: umsebenzi, inyuvesi, ezempilo, izilimi nabadala
Endaweni yokusebenza, usizo lokufunda (LA) lubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kabusha kwamakhono okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono . Ukuklama izindawo zokufunda zomuntu siqu (PLEs) ngemithombo ethembekile, izifundo ezimfushane, imiphakathi yobungcweti, kanye nokuzijwayeza ngamabomu kusheshisa umthelela emsebenzini.
Emfundweni ephakeme, amaphrojekthi okubambisana kanye nezifundo ezihlanganisiwe zikhuthaza ukwenza izinqumo ngokuzimela kanye nokuhlolwa kontanga . Ama-MOOC kanye nezinhlelo ze-postgraduate eziku-inthanethi ziqopha amaphrofayili namasu achaza impumelelo lapho kucacile imigomo kanye nokusekelwa okuhle.
Kwezesayensi yezempilo, ukuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha kudinga ukufunda impilo yonke . Izindawo zokufunda ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezimo zokuqeqesha ezikhuthaza ukuzimela ziye zahlotshaniswa nokulungela okukhulu ukusebenza kwezokwelapha, ngaphandle kokudebeselela ukuqondisa kochwepheshe.
Ngezilimi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsizakusebenza zedijithali, amavidiyo, kanye nezinkundla kuthuthukisa umkhuba oqhubekayo kanye nokuzibophezela kwentuthuko, ngisho nasemasikweni emfundo agxile kothisha, okuvula izikhala zokukhiqiza nokubambisana kwangempela.
Emfundweni yabantu abadala, ukufunda okuziqondisayo kunegalelo enhlalakahleni, ekuhlanganyeleni nasekugugeni okusebenzayo . Izinhlelo ezenzelwe izintshisekelo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nesivinini, ngokusekelwa kanye nobuchwepheshe obutholakala kalula, zandisa izinzuzo zokuqonda kanye nezenhlalo.
Izincomo zokuklama nokuhlola izikhungo
Kumanyuvesi, ezikhungweni, nasezinhlanganweni, ukuklama ngendlela eziqondisa wena kusho ukucaca kwemiphumela, ukwakheka okuguquguqukayo, kanye nokuhlola okwakhayo , kanye nokucabangela ukufundisa ngokusho kwababhali abahlukahlukene . Ukushintshana kwemisebenzi eqondiswayo ngezikhathi zokukhetha kwangempela kuqinisa ukuzimela ngaphandle kokushiya noma ubani ngemuva.
Kuwusizo ukumaka amaphrofayili okungena nezidingo usebenzisa amathuluzi asebenzayo (izikali zokulungela, ukuhlolwa kokuqala) nokunikeza izindlela ezahlukene. Ukuhlaziywa kokufunda kunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe lokungenelela ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokusekelwa komuntu siqu.
Ukufundisa kufanele kukhuthaze ngokusobala amasu okuzilawula (ukuhlela, ukuphatha isikhathi, ukuqapha, ukufuna usizo) futhi kusebenzele ezinkolelweni zokuzisebenzisa kahle kanye nokusebenziseka, njengoba lokhu kusiza ekusetshenzisweni ngempumelelo kwamasu anjalo.
Okokugcina, kuyalulekwa ukukhuthaza imvelo yokufunda kwedijithali ngale kwegumbi lokufundela: imiphakathi, abeluleki, izindawo zokugcina izinto kanye nemikhuba evulekile abafundi abangayigcina ngemva kokuqeda isifundo, okuqinisa ukuqhubeka kokufunda impilo yonke.
I-AI, amathuba kanye nezixwayiso zekusasa eliseduze
Uma sibheka phambili, i-AI ingathuthukisa ukufunda okuziqondisayo uma ihambisana nezimiso zokufundisa ezinengqondo: ukucaca kwe-algorithmic, ukulawula abafundi, ubumfihlo, kanye nezindinganiso zekhwalithi yolwazi. Ngale ndlela, ama-chatbot othisha, izincomo, kanye nokuhlaziya kuba usizo nokusekela okungaphazamisi.
Izinselele zisekhona: igebe lokufinyelela nokusetshenziswa , ukuncika kwezobuchwepheshe, ukucwasa kwedatha, kanye nesilingo sokunikeza uhlelo umthwalo wemfanelo wokufunda. Ulwazi lwedijithali kanye nokucabanga okujulile kuzoba yinetha lokuphepha lokufunda okuqondiswa ubuchwepheshe.
Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kanye nobuqotho bezemfundo ezindaweni ze-AI ezikhiqizayo nakho kudinga ukunakwa. Imiklamo esekelwe ekusebenzeni, ukuhlolwa kontanga, kanye nemisebenzi ehambisana nomongo kunciphisa ingozi yokusetshenziswa kabi kanye nomvuzo wokufunda okudluliselwayo.
Kwabaqalayo, indawo enhle yokuqala ukuhlanganisa imigomo ecacile, i-PLE (Personal Learning Environment) ekhethiwe nemithombo embalwa ethembekile, uhlelo lokuzijwayeza lwamasonto onke, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwenqubekela phambili kwamasonto amabili . Ngaleso sakhiwo, ukwengeza i-AI njenge-GPS yokuzikhethela kanye nemiphakathi yokusekela kwandisa kakhulu amathuba empumelelo.
Konke okungenhla kufana nezindawo zokugcina ezivulekile lapho kungatholakala khona ukufundwa kwezemfundo okulandwayo ku-PDF kanye nezifundo ezinemininingwane ; ukufinyelela ukwenziwa okuthembekile kanye nezincwadi ezibuyekezwa ontanga kuyindlela yokuqinisa izinqumo ezinolwazi nokugwema ukugcwala kolwazi.
Lolu hambo lubonisa ukuthi ukufunda okuziqondisayo akuyona into eyenzeka ngokushesha, kodwa kuyindlela evuthiwe, esekelwa ucwaningo ewusizo kochwepheshe abafuna ukuvuselela amakhono abo, abafundi abaku-inthanethi, abantu abadala abakhuthele, nalabo abafunda izilimi noma abagxile emikhakheni yezobuchwepheshe noma yezempilo. Ngemigomo efanele, amasu acacile, kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe okukhethwe kahle, ukufunda kuhlanganiswa empilweni yansuku zonke futhi kuguquke kube yinzuzo ehlala njalo yokuncintisana neyomuntu siqu.
