- Le nqubo ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine zebhayoloji: i-hydrolysis, i-acidogenesis, i-acetogenesis, kanye ne-methanogenesis.
- Kutholakala imikhiqizo emibili eyinhloko: i-biogas (amandla avuselelekayo) kanye ne-gaystate (umanyolo we-organic).
- Ukuba semthethweni kokugaya kuncike ekutheni kuyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso ze-EU zokuba umkhiqizo noma ukuthi kuhlukaniswa njengemfucuza.
- Kusiza ekunciphiseni amagesi okushisa ngokudonsa i-methane kusuka emfucumfucwini wezinto eziphilayo.
Cishe uke wezwa "ngegesi emanzi" noma wazibuza ukuthi kwenzekani ngezinsalela zokudla kanye nomquba oqongelela emaphandleni. Konke lokhu kuyingxenye yento yemvelo ethakazelisayo ebizwa ngokuthi ukugaya ukudla okungenawo umoya, inqubo yezinto eziphilayo, nakuba ibonakala njengomlingo, iyikhemikhali emsulwa kanye ne-microbiology esebenza ngesivinini esigcwele ukuguqula izinto eziphilayo zibe amandla ahlanzekile kanye nomanyolo wekhwalithi ephezulu.
Nakuba okwamanje sikuphatha lokhu ezitshalweni zezimboni ngokusebenzisa i-biomethanization ukuze sizuze ngokwezomnotho, le nqubo yenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ezindaweni zikawoyela noma emanzini amile. Empeleni, kuhilela ukuvumela inqwaba yamagciwane ukuthi adle i-biomass endaweni lapho umoya-mpilo untuleka khona , okuholela ekubeni uphethiloli ovuselelekayo kanye nensalela enomsoco kakhulu enhlabathini.
Izigaba ezine zenqubo yezinto eziphilayo
Ukuze izinto eziphilayo ziphenduke igesi, kufanele zidlule ohlotsheni "lomugqa wokuhlanganisa" wezinto eziphilayo owakhiwe ngezigaba ezine ezibalulekile:
- I-Hydrolysis: Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala, lapho ama-macromolecule ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu (njengamaprotheni, amafutha, nama-polysaccharides) ehlukaniswa abe yizicucu ezilula njengoshukela noma ama-alcohols. Lapha, ama-exoenzymes ebhaktheriya elivundisayo asebenza, okuthi, njengoba engaba wusizo, Abakhethi nge-oxygen..
- Ukwakheka kwe-asidi: Kulesi sigaba, amabhaktheriya abangela i-acidogenic athatha lawo ma-molecule alula awaguqule abe ama-fatty acid aguquguqukayo ane-chain emfushane, i-hydrogen, kanye ne-carbon dioxide.
- I-Acetogenesis: Lapha inqubo iyaqhubeka nokuhlungwa, iguqula imikhiqizo yangaphambilini ibe ikakhulukazi i-acetic acid, i-CO2 kanye ne-hydrogen.
- I-Methanogenesis: I-master seal. Amabhaktheriya e-Methanogenic, angama-anaerobes aqinile futhi azwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa, aguqula konke okungenhla kube i-methane ne-carbon dioxide.
Ukusebenza kanye nezicelo ezisebenzayo
Uma sifuna ukulawula le nqubo ku-biodigester, kuqala isigaba se-aerobic, lapho ama-microorganisms edla khona umoya-mpilo otholakalayo. Uma i-medium isingenawo umoya futhi ingenawo umoya, ama-bacteria angenawo umoya aqala ukusebenza. Lolu hlelo lusebenza kahle kakhulu, njengoba lusebenzisa u-90% wamandla atholakala engxubeni, lunikeza u-10% kuphela ekukhuleni kwama-bacteria.
Le ndlela iyisisombululo esifanele sokuphatha imfucuza evela embonini yezilwane (udaka kanye nomquba), imfucuza yasemadolobheni, kanye nensalela evela embonini yokudla kwezolimo. Kule nqubo, sithola imikhiqizo emibili eyinhloko:
- Igesi ye-biogas: Ingxube evame ukwakhiwa yi-methane engu-70% kanye ne-carbon dioxide engu-30%, enezinhlayiya ze-hydrogen sulfide. Ingasetshenziswa kuma-boiler noma kuma-motor kagesi. Uma idlula enkambisweni yokuthuthukiswa, sithola... i-biomethane, efana kakhulu negesi yemvelo izinsalela kodwa ezingavuseleleka.
- I-Digest: Kuwuketshezi oluphumayo noma insalela ye-pasty. Njengoba icebile nge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, kanye ne-potassium, isebenza njenge- umanyolo we-organic omunca ngokushesha okusiza ekubuyiseleni inhlabathi eyonakaliswe ukutshalwa kakhulu.
Uhlaka lwezomthetho kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-digestate
Akuyona yonke i-biology; kukhona namaphepha ahilelekile. ESpain, ukugaya ukudla okungena-aerobic kuyindlela yokwelapha ebhalwe njengo-R0302 ngaphansi koMthetho 7/2022. Kuye ngokuthi yini egaywayo, njengemikhiqizo yezilwane engafanele ukudliwa ngabantu (i-ABP), kudingeka ukugunyazwa okukhethekile kokuphatha ukuze kusebenze ngokusemthethweni.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ngabe i-digestate ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo noma imfucuza. Ukuze ibhekwe njengomkhiqizo womanyolo we-EU , kumele ihambisane noMthethonqubo (i-EU) 2019/1009 (ikakhulukazi isigaba CMC5). Uma ingahlangabezani nalezi zindinganiso, ihlukaniswa njengemfucuza ngaphansi kwekhodi efanele ye-EWC futhi kumele iphathwe kahle ngumsebenzisi ogunyaziwe wokuphatha imfucuza .
Kubalulekile ukungadidanisi i-digestate nezinto ezizinzile . Lokhu kwamuva kuvela ezitshalweni zokwelapha imfucuza exubile ngomshini futhi, ngokungafani ne-digestate, akunakubhekwa njengomanyolo noma umkhiqizo, okuhlala kuhlukaniswe ngokuqinile njengemfucuza ngaphansi kwekhodi ye-EWC 19 06 99.
Izinzuzo zemvelo nezomnotho
Ukusebenzisa lezi zitshalo akugcini nje ngokusiza ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omuhle kakhulu. Ngokubamba i-methane evame ukuphunyuka iye emkhathini, sinciphisa kakhulu amagesi okushisa . Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nitrogen egaywayo itholakala kalula ezitshalweni kunaleyo ekumanyolo wamakhemikhali, okusheshisa ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi kuvimbele ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi evundile.
I-biomethanization imelela ithuba elihle lokuvala umjikelezo wekhabhoni, iguqule inkinga (imfucuza) ibe yisisombululo samandla nezolimo esivumela izinkampani ukuthi zonge izindleko zokusebenza futhi zithuthukise umkhondo wazo wemvelo ngendlela eqhubekayo.
Lolu hlelo oluphelele lwezinto eziphilayo luvumela izinto eziphilayo ukuthi zidlule ezigabeni ze-hydrolysis, i-acidogenesis, i-acetogenesis, kanye ne-methanogenesis ukuze kukhiqizwe i-biogas futhi igaywe. Ngenkathi eyokuqala isebenza njengophethiloli oguquguqukayo noma i-biomethane ejovwayo, eyokugcina isebenza njengomanyolo onamandla wezinto eziphilayo, uma nje kuhlangatshezwana nemithetho yezomthetho neyezemvelo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi ingaphathwa njengemfucuza nje.