- Umsebenzi wezemfundo uhlanganisa amahora ekilasi, izifundo ezizimele, imisebenzi, ukuqeqeshwa emsebenzini, kanye nokuphathwa ngokomzwelo, kokubili ezindaweni zobuso nobuso kanye neze-inthanethi.
- Ukuphatha isikhathi kahle kanye nokusebenzisa amasu okutadisha asebenzayo kwenza umsebenzi onzima ulawuleke futhi ukhiqize kakhudlwana.
- Inhlalakahle yomzimba neyengqondo, kanye nokusekelwa komndeni kanye nezikhungo, kuyisihluthulelo sokugwema ukukhathala, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokuyeka izifundo.
- Kubasebenzi bokufundisa, ukwabiwa okusobala nokulinganiselwe kokufundisa, ucwaningo kanye nezinsizakalo kuthuthukisa isimo semfundo kanye nekhwalithi yokufundisa.
Uma sikhuluma ngomthwalo womsebenzi wezemfundo , asicabangi nje ngokuthi zingaki izifundo ezithathwayo noma ukuthi zingaki amahora ekilasi ngesonto. Ngemuva kwalowo mqondo kukhona uchungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi lwamahora okufunda azimele, izabelo, ucwaningo, izifundo, amakilasi aku-inthanethi, ukuphathwa kwemizwelo, futhi, endabeni yothisha, kanye nemisebenzi yocwaningo, yenkonzo, kanye neyokuphatha inyuvesi. Ukuqonda konke lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela abafundi nothisha ukuthi bangakhathali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda kahle ukuthi umthwalo wezemfundo uyini nokuthi ungawuphatha kanjani kwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuphila impilo yaseyunivesithi ngokuthula nokuzizwa ucindezelekile njalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezifundweni zobuso nobuso noma eziku-inthanethi, indlela amakhredithi, amahora, izinsiza, kanye namandla engqondo asakazwa ngayo kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza, inhlalakahle yengqondo, ngisho namathuba okuyeka noma ukufeza impumelelo yezemfundo.
Uyini umthwalo wemfanelo wezemfundo: abafundi kanye nothisha
Kalula nje, umthwalo womsebenzi womfundi wezemfundo ungaqondwa njengesikhathi esiphelele kanye nomzamo odingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ohlelweni lweziqu phakathi nesikhathi esithile (isemester, ikota, noma unyaka): inani lezifundo, amakhredithi abhalisiwe, amahora ekilasi, amahora okufunda ngokuzimela, ama-internship, amaphrojekthi eqembu, ukuhlolwa, njll. Akukhona nje lokho okubonakala kuhlelo lwesikhathi, kodwa futhi nalokho okusele ngemuva kwalo.
Eyunivesithi, amakhredithi ezemfundo asetshenziswa njengeyunithi yokulinganisa umthwalo womsebenzi ophelele odingekayo ekhosini . Lokhu akubandakanyi nje kuphela amakilasi omuntu mathupha noma aku-inthanethi, kodwa futhi nokufunda okuzimele, umsebenzi webhulebhu noma wasensimini, kanye nesikhathi esichithwa silungiselela izethulo, amaphrojekthi, imibiko, noma amaphepha okugcina, kusetshenziswa uhlu lwezincwadi kanye nomhlahlandlela wokucaphuna kwezemfundo . Ngakho-ke, umthwalo womsebenzi awulinganiswa kuphela ngamahora ekilasi, kodwa kunalokho ngenani eliphelele lokuzinikela elidingekayo esifundweni ngasinye.
Ezinhlelweni eziningi zamanyuvesi, ikhredithi eyodwa ivame ukulingana nenani elithile lamahora okufunda masonto onke . Isibonelo, amanye amanyuvesi alinganisela ukuthi isifundo ngasinye sekhredithi ezintathu noma ezine sihilela amahora amaningana ezifundo kanye namahora amaningana okufunda komuntu ngamunye ngesonto. Ngakho-ke, izinhlangano ezifana ne-CONARE zincoma ukuthi umthwalo wesifundo esiphezulu ngesemester ube cishe amakhredithi ayi-18 , ukuze izinga lesidingo lilawuleke futhi lingakhulisi ingozi yokwehluleka noma yokuyeka.
Ngokombono wesikhungo, umthwalo wezemfundo usetshenziswa njengesibonakaliso sezibalo somthwalo wemfanelo ojwayelekile ngomfundi ngamunye . Kulesi simo, ungabalwa ngokuhlukanisa inani lamakhredithi abhalisiwe ngenani labafundi ohlelweni, futhi uhlaziywa ngonyaka, isemester, ikhampasi, isifunda, noma ubulili. Lolu lwazi lusenza sibone ukuthi abafundi bathwele kanzima yini, uma kukhona umehluko phakathi kwamakhampasi, noma uma izinhlelo ezithile zinomthwalo wemfanelo wezemfundo onzima kunezinye.
Endabeni yabasebenzi bothisha baseyunivesithi kanye nabafundisi nabacwaningi, umthwalo wezemfundo uba nencazelo ehlukile: ubhekisela enanini lamahora amasonto onke anikezelwe emisebenzini ebalulekile yokufundisa, ucwaningo, kanye nenkonzo . Lokhu akubandakanyi nje kuphela amakilasi nezifundo, kodwa futhi nokuklama izifundo, ukulungiselela izinto, ukubamba iqhaza kumaphrojekthi ocwaningo, ukuqondisa izimfundiso zobudokotela kanye nezimfundiso zeziqu/master's zokugcina, ukuhlela imicimbi yezemfundo, kanye nokubamba iqhaza ezinhlanganweni ezilawula iyunivesithi.
Lo msebenzi wokufundisa nocwaningo uvame ukunqunywa yizilinganiso zangaphakathi kanye nemithethonqubo , njengezinhlelo zokuhlela ezemfundo, inani lamakhredithi adingekayo uprofesa ngamunye ukuze afundise (ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa umthwalo ojwayelekile wamakhredithi angu-24 e-ECTS), kanye nezindlela zokunciphisa ukufundisa ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo (isibonelo, ukuthola ukuhlolwa okuhle okulandelanayo). Konke lokhu kudala uhlelo lapho ibhalansi ivame ukukhomba labo abenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe, kuyilapho abanye bephethe amahora amaningi okufundisa kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yokuphatha.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile zomsebenzi womfundi wezemfundo
Umsebenzi wabafundi awugcini nje ngamakhredithi abhalwe ekubhalisweni kwabo; uhlanganisa konke okuphathelene nempilo yaseyunivesithi . Ukuqonda kahle ingxenye ngayinye kusiza abafundi ukulungisa okulindelwe kwabo futhi bahlele kahle.
Okokuqala, kunenani lezifundo namakhredithi abhalisiwe kwisemester ngayinye . Amanyuvesi avame ukuhlela ikharikhulamu ibe yiziqeshana noma izindlela ezinconywayo ukuze abafundi bazi ukuthi yiziphi izifundo okufanele bazithathe isemester ngayinye nokuthi umthwalo womsebenzi olinganiselayo ungaba kanjani. Ukulandela lezi ziqondiso ngokuvamile kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema izimanga, ngaphandle kokuthi izizathu zomuntu siqu noma ezihlobene nomsebenzi zenza kube ngcono ukunciphisa ijubane.
Okwesibili, umthwalo womsebenzi wangempela uhlanganisa amahora ekilasi, izikhathi ezisebenzayo, amaseminari, kanye nemisebenzi edingekayo . Uhlelo lweziqu olunamahora amaningi omsebenzi welabhorethri alufani nolunomsebenzi obhaliwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emfundweni eku-inthanethi, kufanele wengeze isikhathi osichitha uxhumeka ezinkundleni, uhlanganyela ezinkundleni, uye emakilasini evidiyo abukhoma, futhi ubukele okuqukethwe okuqoshiwe.
Esinye isici esibalulekile isikhathi sokufunda esizimele , esivame ukunganakwa. Ukulungiselela isivivinyo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukufunda uhlu lwezincwadi oluningi, ukubhala izifinyezo, ukulungiselela izethulo, noma ukubukeza izihloko usebenzisa amasu okuphindaphinda anezikhala kudinga amahora amaningi angaveli njalo ekhalendeni, kodwa abaluleke ngokufanayo, uma kungenjalo kakhulu, kunezifundo ngokwazo.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kunezinhlelo zamaqembu, ama-internship, kanye nezindawo zangaphandle , ezidinga ukubambisana nabanye, ukuhamba, imihlangano, noma ukuhlala ezindaweni zokubeka. Ukuhlela le misebenzi kungaba nzima uma uhlelo lwesemester lonke lungahlelwanga kahle.
Okokugcina, umthwalo wezemfundo uhlanganisa kakhulu ukuphathwa kwemizwa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nokuphila kweyunivesithi: ukuthuthela edolobheni elisha, ubudlelwano obusha bezenhlalo, ukuqhelelana nomndeni, ukungaqiniseki ngekusasa lomsebenzi, njll. Ucwaningo emanyuvesi afana ne-University of Oviedo lukhombisile, ngokusho kwezifundo ze- psychology yezemfundo , ukuthi ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yabafundi ibhekana namazinga abalulekile okucindezeleka kwezemfundo kanye ngokomzwelo, nokuthi oyedwa kwabahlanu angahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhathazeka kanye/noma ukucindezeleka.
Umsebenzi wokufunda ezindaweni ezingokoqobo kanye nokukhathala kwedijithali
Njengoba imfundo eku-inthanethi ikhula, umthwalo wezemfundo awusalinganiswa kuphela emisebenzini kanye namahora ekilasi, kodwa manje usuhlanganisa ngokugcwele isikhathi sesikrini kanye nokuphathwa kokukhathala kwedijithali . Ukuchitha amahora amaningi ku-inthanethi akusho ukuthi kufanele ufunde okwengeziwe, kodwa kunegalelo elikhulu emizweni yokukhathala nokukhathala.
Kulo mongo, umthwalo womsebenzi uhlanganisa izici ezifana nokulawula isikhathi ngokwakho kumapulatifomu aku-inthanethi , ikhono lokuhlunga izaziso, ukuhlela izinto zedijithali, kanye nekhono lokunqamula ubuchwepheshe lapho usuku lomsebenzi luphela. Ukuhlola njalo i-imeyili yesikhungo, izimemezelo zekhampasi eziku-inthanethi, noma amaqembu emiyalezo kungenza usuku lomsebenzi luzizwe sengathi alupheli ngempela.
Izifundo zabafundi baseyunivesithi eLatin America zibonisa ukuthi inani elikhulu kakhulu libika izimpawu zokukhathala noma ukukhathala kwezemfundo okuhambisana nokuchayeka kakhulu ezikrinini. Ukunaka okuqhekekile ngenxa yezaziso eziqhubekayo, izingcingo zevidiyo ezilandelanayo, kanye nomuzwa wokuba nemisebenzi elindile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kwandisa ukucindezeleka futhi kunciphisa ikhwalithi yokufunda kwangempela.
Ngakho-ke, ukuphatha umthwalo womsebenzi wezemfundo endaweni ebonakalayo kuhilela ukufaka amakhefu okuxhumanisa idijithali : ukuvuka kukhompyutha njalo, ukugwema ukuhlola iwebhusayithi yekhampasi noma i-imeyili ngaphambi kokulala, ukubhukha izikhathi zosuku ngaphandle kwamadivayisi, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yakho yokufunda ihlelekile. Lezi yizenzo ezincane, lapho zihlanganiswa, ezinciphisa kakhulu ukukhathala kwengqondo.
Isu elihle lihilela nokunciphisa imithombo yolwazi nokuhlanganisa imisebenzi efanayo . Ukuhlola ikhampasi ebonakalayo ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuvala izaziso ezivela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingabalulekile, nokugxila emsebenzini owodwa ngesikhathi kusiza ekunciphiseni umuzwa "wokucima imililo" njalo. Isikole noma inyuvesi ebonakalayo eklanywe kahle, njengoba kuphawuliwe emaphephandabeni okuhlangenwe nakho kwezemfundo , kufanele kube lula ngalokhu kubekwa phambili, kuhlukanise ngokucacile phakathi kwalokho okubalulekile nalokho okulandelayo.
Izimpawu zokugcwala ngokweqile kwezemfundo kanye nezimpawu zokuxwayisa
Abafundi noma othisha abaqapheli ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi umthwalo wezemfundo usuweqile. Kodwa-ke, umzimba nengqondo kuvame ukuthumela izixwayiso ezicacile zokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle . Ukuzishaya indiva kungaholela ekwehleni kokusebenza, ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo yengqondo, noma ngisho nasekuyekeni isikole ngokuphelele.
Uma kwenzeka kubafundi, ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zokugcwala ngokweqile zifaka phakathi ikhanda elibuhlungu njalo, ukucindezeleka kwemisipha, kanye nokucindezeleka kwamehlo ngemva kwamahora amaningi okufunda, ikakhulukazi ezikrinini. Lokhu kwandiswa izinguquko ezindleleni zokulala (ubunzima bokulala noma ukuvuka ukhathele), ukucasuka, ukunganaki imisebenzi eyayishukumisa ngaphambilini, kanye nobunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo noma ukugcina ulwazi lwakamuva.
Kuvamile futhi ukuqaphela umuzwa oqhubekayo wokuhlala uphuza , wokungakwazi ukwenza yonke into, okuhambisana nemizwa yokungafaneleki (“Angifanele,” “lokhu akungifanele”). Lapho lokhu kuguquguquka kuba okungapheli, ingozi yokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka iyanda, into eqinisekiswa yizifundo ngokucindezeleka kwezemfundo nangokomzwelo kubafundi abathatha izifundo zesibili kanye neminyaka yokuqala yezifundo ze-undergraduate.
Phakathi kothisha, ukugcwala ngokweqile kuvame ukubonakala njengokukhathala emsebenzini : ukuntuleka kwesisusa, ukungathembi, ukuhlukana ngokomzwelo nabafundi namaphrojekthi, noma umuzwa wokuzulazula ngokungenanjongo emigwaqweni nasemihlanganweni. Ukungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokulindelwe ocwaningweni, ekufundiseni nasekuphatheni, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuthuthuka komsebenzi kuphazanyiswa yimithetho efana nezinga lokushintsha, kunciphisa kakhulu umkhiqizo kanye nokuzibophezela.
Kuzo zombili izimo, isihluthulelo ukuqaphela inkinga kusenesikhathi bese ucela ukwesekwa : enhlanganweni yokweluleka yaseyunivesithi, abeluleki bezemfundo, ofunda nabo, noma umndeni. Ubufakazi besayensi bucacile: ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kwezinkinga zengqondo kuhlotshaniswa ngqo nokusebenza kangcono kwezemfundo kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuyeka.
Amasu okuphatha isikhathi ukuze kube nomsebenzi olawuleka kalula
Ukuphatha umthwalo wakho wezemfundo ngempumelelo akukhona nje ukufaka amahora engeziwe, kodwa mayelana nokuhlela isikhathi sakho ngendlela engokoqobo nehlelekile . Umgomo uwukwenza ikhalenda isebenzele wena, hhayi ngokumelene nawe, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezinzima noma lapho uhlanganisa izifundo nomsebenzi noma eminye imithwalo yemfanelo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlaziya izidingo zesifundo ngasinye : ukuthi kungakanani okudingekayo ukufunda, uhlobo luni lwemisebenzi enikezwayo, zingaki izivivinyo noma izifundo eziphakathi kwethemu, ukuthi kudinga yini izikhathi ezisebenzayo zomuntu mathupha, njll. Ngalolu lwazi, ungalinganisa ngokunembile inani lamahora isifundo ngasinye esizowadinga ngesonto.
Kusukela lapho, kungumqondo omuhle ukudala uhlu lwemisebenzi ebalulekile nezinsuku ezibalulekile : izinsuku zokugcina zemisebenzi, izethulo, imisebenzi esebenzayo, ama-midterm, kanye ne-final. Ukuba nalo mbono "wonke" we-semester kukuvumela ukuthi ubone amaqoqo emisebenzi ngesonto elilodwa futhi uyilindele, udlulele phambili ngokusebenza ezihlokweni ezivame ukuba matasa ngezinye izikhathi ze-semester.
Ukuhlela kwansuku zonke kuhilela ukubeka eceleni izikhathi ezithile zokufunda , ngokuvumelana nesigqi sakho semvelo. Akuwona wonke umuntu owenza kahle ngokufanayo ekuseni noma ebusuku; okungcono kakhulu, kufanele uhlele imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi samahora akho okugxila kakhulu bese ushiya leyo esebenza ngomshini ngezikhathi zakho ezingakhiqizi kakhulu. Umhleli wedijithali noma ikhalenda kusiza ukubona kangcono la mabhulokhi esikhathi.
Kuyasiza futhi ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi emikhulu ibe yizinyathelo ezincane nezilawulekayo . Esikhundleni "sokufunda sonke iSahluko 5," ungasihlukanisa sibe yizinhloso eziqondile: ukufunda nokugqamisa, ukwenza uhlaka, ukudala imibuzo efana nokuhlolwa, ukubukeza ngamakhadi okukhomba, njll. Umgomo ngamunye omncane ofinyelelwe uqinisa umuzwa wentuthuko futhi unciphise ukuhlehlisa izinto.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukubekela eceleni isikhathi ekupheleni kweseshini ngayinye ukuze ubukeze lokho okuhlanganisiwe, ubhale noma yimiphi imibuzo, bese uhlela iseshini elandelayo. Lokhu kuvala okuhlelekile kuvimbela umuzwa "wokushiya konke kungaqediwe" futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kokufunda.
Imikhuba yokufunda ephumelelayo ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele umthwalo wakho wezemfundo
Uma umthwalo womsebenzi unzima, akwanele nje ukutadisha okwengeziwe; udinga ukufunda kangcono . Imikhuba yokufunda ephumelelayo ikuvumela ukuthi uthole okuningi kulokho okutshalwe imali ngehora ngalinye futhi unciphise isidingo sokusebenza kanzima ngomzuzu wokugcina, okungasebenzi kahle futhi okukhathazayo kakhulu.
Esinye sezihluthulelo ukubeka phambili ukufunda okusebenzayo kunokufunda okungenamsebenzi . Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisana nezinto ezibonakalayo: ukubuza imibuzo ngaphambi kokufunda, ukuzama ukubikezela okuqukethwe, ukuxhumanisa izihloko, ukuchaza lokho osanda kukufunda kuwe, noma ukufundisa omunye umuntu okuqukethwe (okungokoqobo noma okucatshangwayo). Lokhu "kufundisa okulingisiwe" kusiza ukuhlonza izikhala ekuqondeni.
Enye indlela enamandla kakhulu ukuphindaphinda okunezikhala : esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa konke ukutadisha kosuku olungaphambi kokuhlolwa, wenza iseshini yokuqala yokufunda ejulile bese ubuyekeza kancane ngezikhathi ezandayo (ngosuku olulandelayo, ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, ngemva kwesonto, njll.). Le ndlela isebenzisa kangcono indlela inkumbulo yesikhathi eside esebenza ngayo futhi inciphisa kakhulu umuzwa wokuthi kufanele ubambe konke ngekhanda ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhadi e-flashcard kuhambisana kahle nale ndlela. Avumela ukuzijwayeza okusebenzayo kwemiqondo esemqoka, izincazelo, amafomula, noma izinsuku, ukuhlola nokuqinisa lokho okungakaqondakali. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zamakhadi e-flashcard edijithali, ezihlanganiswe nama-algorithms okuphindaphinda ahlukaniswe ngezikhala, zingaba amathuluzi abalulekile okubhekana nezivivinyo ezidinga umzamo omkhulu.
Kuyasiza futhi ukufaka amathuluzi abonakalayo afana namamephu womqondo kanye nemidwebo , okusiza ekuqondeni ubudlelwano phakathi kwemibono kanye nokunikeza umbono jikelele wesihloko ngasinye. Ngezihloko ezixineneyo noma ezisekelwe embonweni, ukuguqula umbhalo ube uhlaka oluyisithombe kuthuthukisa ukuqonda futhi kusiza ekubuyekezweni okulandelayo.
Okokugcina, ukusebenzisa izinsiza eziku-inthanethi ezisezingeni eliphezulu , njengamanothi abiwe abanye abafundi, izifinyezo, noma iziqondiso zokufunda, kungonga isikhathi esiningi sokuqoqa ulwazi. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuzisebenzisa ukuze ugcwalise futhi uqhathanise amanothi akho, hhayi njengokufaka esikhundleni esiphelele, njengoba wonke uprofesa kanye nohlelo ngalunye lunezincazelo zalo.
Ukulinganisela phakathi kokusebenza kwezemfundo kanye nenhlalakahle yomuntu siqu
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthwalo wezemfundo unzima kangakanani, akufanele ubeke engcupheni impilo yomzimba neyengqondo . Ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwezifundo nokuphila komuntu siqu akufiseleki nje kuphela, kodwa kubalulekile ekwenzeni kahle esikhathini esimaphakathi neside ngaphandle kokusebenzisa wonke amandla agciniwe.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ukulala okuphumuzayo . Ukuqongelela ubusuku obufushane obuchithwa umatasatasa kunciphisa ukugxilisa ingqondo, inkumbulo ebuthakathaka, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo ngokuzumayo. Kungcono ukufunda kancane kodwa ulale kangcono kunokwandisa amahora akho okufunda ngaphandle kokuphumula. Ubuncane bamahora ayi-7 okulala okuhle ngokuvamile kuyisisekelo esifanelekile kubantu abadala abaningi.
Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kusebenza njengendlela enamandla yokulawula ukucindezeleka kwezemfundo. Ukuqeqeshwa okujulile akudingeki; ukuhamba okusheshayo, ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla, noma imisebenzi yezemidlalo emifushane kwanele ukugcwalisa ingqondo nge-oxygen, ukukhulula ukucindezeleka, nokuphuma ezikrinini. Ukuhlanganisa la makhefu asebenzayo ohlelweni lwakho lwamasonto onke kunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwengqondo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukudla kwakho : i-caffeine eningi, iziphuzo zamandla, noma ukudla okusheshayo kungase kukunikeze amandla okwesikhashana, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuholela ekukhuphukeni kwamandla okungazelelwe kanye nokuphahlazeka. Ukukhetha ukudla okunempilo kanye nokuphuza amanzi anele kusiza ekuqiniseni ukugxila kanye namandla okusebenza kwengqondo.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukubekela eceleni isikhathi sangempela sokuphumula nokuzilibazisa , ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yezemfundo. Ukufunda ukuze ujabule, ukulalela umculo, ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yokudala, noma ukuchitha isikhathi nabangani nomndeni kusiza ukuvuselela amandla futhi kubeke ingcindezi yezifundo endaweni efanele.
Indima yezemvelo kanye nezinsizakalo zokusekela
Indlela umuntu abhekana ngayo nomsebenzi wokufunda ayixhomekile kumuntu ngamunye kuphela; indawo yezemfundo nomndeni idlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuba nendawo yokufunda efanele, ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo, kanye nezinsizakalo zaseyunivesithi ezifinyelelekayo kwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuzizwa uwedwa lapho ubhekene nobunzima noma uhamba naye kuyo yonke inqubo.
Amanyuvesi aya ngokuya eqaphela isidingo sokuqonda izidingo zengqondo nezemfundo zabafundi bawo . Izifundo eziningi, njengalezo ezenziwa nabafundi abangamakhulu bonyaka wesibili, zisiza ekuboneni izinkinga ezivame kakhulu, isidingo esikhona sokusekelwa kwengqondo, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ngokusho kwejenali yocwaningo lwezemfundo.
Ngokuhambisana nezincomo ze-European Higher Education Area, izikhungo eziningi zikhuthaza ukudalwa kwezinsizakalo ezithile zokusekela ngokwengqondo zabafundi. Lezi zinsizakalo zisiza ekubhekaneni nobunzima bokulungisa, ukukhathazeka ngezivivinyo, izinkinga zokuzethemba kwezemfundo, izingxabano phakathi kwabantu, noma izimpawu zokucindezeleka ezingase ziphazamise izifundo.
Isimo somndeni singaba umsizi omkhulu uma kulinganiswa phakathi kokusekelwa kanye nokuhlonipha ukuzimela . Ukuvumelana ngezikhathi ezicacile, ukunikeza indawo yokufunda engenaziphazamiso, ukubonisa isithakazelo endleleni umthwalo womsebenzi ophathwa ngayo (hhayi amamaki kuphela), kanye nokwazisa umzamo kuyizindlela eziqondile zokunciphisa umuzwa wokucindezeleka nokunikeza ukwesekwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa.
Ngamafuphi, uma impilo yezemfundo neyomuntu siqu ihambisana, umthwalo womsebenzi wezemfundo ubhekwa njengenselele enzima kodwa elawulekayo , kunokuba umthwalo omkhulu. Lo mehluko wengqondo uhumushela ekubekezeleni okukhulu, ukuqina, kanye nemiphumela engcono iyonke.
Umsebenzi wokufundisa onzima wabasebenzi bokufundisa: ukufundisa, ucwaningo kanye nokukhiqiza
Endabeni yothisha baseyunivesithi, ukuxoxa ngomthwalo wemfundo kuhilela ukungena endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi lapho amahora okufundisa, izidingo zocwaningo, kanye nezibopho zesevisi yesikhungo kuhlangana khona. Indlela lo mthwalo wemfanelo olinganiswa futhi usatshalaliswa ngayo ithinta ngqo isisusa sothisha kanye nekhwalithi yemfundo etholwa abafundi.
Izinhlelo eziningi zisebenzisa ama-metric angaphakathi ukubala izibopho zokufundisa , ezivame ukufingqwa njengenani lama-credits noma amahora ekilasi kanye nezifundo ngesonto. Inani elivamile ukucabangela ama-credits angu-24 e-ECTS njengesilinganiso sokufundisa okugcwele, yize kwenziwa izinguquko ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kocwaningo noma ezinye izici.
Inkinga iphakama lapho umkhiqizo wocwaningo uba yindlela eyinhloko yokunciphisa umthwalo wokufundisa, ukuze labo abanezinkathi zocwaningo zeminyaka eyisithupha noma ukuhlolwa okuhle babone ukufundisa kwabo kuncipha, kuyilapho abanye bephethe amakilasi amaningi, izifundo ezengeziwe, kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yokuphatha. Lokhu kudala ukungalingani kwangaphakathi, umuzwa wokungabi nabulungisa, futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhathala phakathi koprofesa abazizwa bevaleleke emjikelezweni weminyaka eyisithupha, bengakwazi ukukhiqiza incwadi enomthelela omkhulu engashintsha isimo sabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sengqondo esaziwayo sokuthi "shicilela noma ufe" siholele ekucindezelweni kokwandisa inani lezincwadi ngazo zonke izindleko, ngisho noma kungancishiswa ikhwalithi noma ngokuhlukanisa ababhali ngokungafanele. Imibiko yokukhiqiza yaseyunivesithi, amazinga, kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe kuye kwaqinisa lo mkhuba, njengoba kuboniswe ekuhlaziyweni yi- Center for Scientific Publications , ngaphandle kokucabangela njalo izimo ezifana nesikhathi esitholakalayo, amasimu okufunda, isimo sokuba ngowesifazane nomama, noma ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlelo zenhlangano yokufundisa.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempela umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokubhubhisa isimo sezemfundo, iziphakamiso eziningi zikhomba amasu asekela abasebenzi bokufundisa nabacwaningi : ukunikeza isikhathi esivikelekile sokuthola amakhono amasha, ukwabela abamukeli bezifundo kumaphrojekthi ocwaningo asafufusa, ukunikeza izibonelelo zangaphakathi zamaphrojekthi, ukunciphisa kancane umthwalo wokufundisa ngezikhathi ezibalulekile, kanye nokwabela ukuqeqeshwa ukuhlela nokuqapha izindlela zomsebenzi wezemfundo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlelo zokufundisa nokuhlola ucwaningo zibe sobala, ziqondakale, futhi zihambisane. “Uhlelo lokuphumelela” oluqinile kufanele luveze ngokucacile lokho okubalulekile, ukuthi kulinganiswa kanjani, ukuthi yiziphi izinsimbi ezisetshenziswayo, ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izindawo zolwazi, nokuthi imiphumela inamiphi imiphumela eqondile (ukugunyazwa, ukukhushulwa esikhundleni, ukukhushulwa komholo, ukunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi, njll.).
Umthwalo womsebenzi wezemfundo wabasebenzi bokufundisa wabelwe kanjani ezikhungweni?
Ngale kwezimiso ezijwayelekile, empeleni, ukwabiwa komthwalo wokufundisa kothisha kulandela inqubo ehlelekile ephindaphindwayo itemu ngayinye yezemfundo. Ukuphathwa okubi kulesi sigaba kungadala izingxabano, kukhulise umthwalo womsebenzi, futhi konakalise indawo yokufunda.
Esigabeni sokuqala, isikhungo kumele siqoqe ukutholakala kothisha ngamunye ngokwezikhathi nezifundo . Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa amafomu angokoqobo, kodwa ngokwandayo, kusetshenziswa amapulatifomu okuphatha izinsiza lapho othisha bebonisa khona amashejuli abawathandayo, izifundo abakwazi ukuzifundisa, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye imikhawulo efanele. Kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi oluqoshwe luhambisana nalokho okuvunyelwene ngakho.
Okulandelayo, umnyango wokuhlela kanye nabaqondisi bezinhlelo baqhathanisa abasebenzi bokufundisa nezidingo zesikhathi : inani lezikhathi zekilasi okufanele zimbozwe, izifundo, izingxenye zabafundi, izikhathi zasekuseni, ntambama, noma zakusihlwa, kanye nezinhlobo zamakilasi (ngokoqobo, ku-inthanethi, i-hybrid). Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, kulungiswa isiphakamiso somsebenzi wokuqala womfundisi ngamunye, esivame ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesemester.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sihilela ukuqoqa impendulo nokubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezivela kubasebenzi bokufundisa . Kufanele kubekwe isikhathi esifanele sokuvumela othisha ukuthi baphakamise izinguquko, bachaze ukungqubuzana kweshejuli (isibonelo, ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, imithwalo yemfanelo yokunakekela izingane, noma ukuhlangana nocwaningo), noma baphakamise amanye amalungiselelo. Le mpendulo inganikezwa emihlanganweni yobuso nobuso, nge-imeyili, noma ngeplatifomu yabaphathi uqobo.
Ngemva kokuhlaziya lokhu okubonwe, isikhungo sithuthukisa futhi sidlulise isiphakamiso sokugcina sesifundo , okungcono kakhulu kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuqala kwetemu yezemfundo. Kusukela lapho kuqhubeke, ukuzinza ekuhleleni kusiza uprofesa ngamunye ukulungiselela amakilasi akhe kusenesikhathi futhi ahlele isikhathi sakhe socwaningo nokufundisa.
Ukuze yonke le nqubo isebenze kahle ngempela, kubalulekile ukuba nedatha ethembekile nesesikhathini mayelana nabasebenzi bokufundisa : uhlobo lwenkontileka, izidingo ezincane kanye neziqu ezengeziwe, ulwazi lwangaphambilini ezifundweni ezithile, izidingo zokuqeqesha, isilinganiso esihle kakhulu somfundi nothisha, usayizi weqembu omkhulu, ukutholakala kwemihlangano yokusekela noma amashejuli okuqeqesha, izicelo ezivela kubafundi abanezidingo ezikhethekile, njalo njalo. Isofthiwe enhle yokuhlaziya idatha ingasiza ekubhekiseleni lonke lolu lwazi futhi yenze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa.
Uma ukwabiwa komsebenzi kungabonakali noma kubhekwa njengokungahleliwe, umphumela uba mubi kakhulu: othisha bafakwa ezimisweni ezingafanele, ezifundweni, noma ezinsukwini zomsebenzi ; kuba nomuzwa wokuphathwa kabi; ukusungula izinto ezintsha ekufundiseni kuyanganakwa; futhi ekugcineni, isimo semfundo esinobuthi sithinta kabi ukufundisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlela okuqinile nokubambisana kuqinisa ukuzibophezela kothisha futhi kuthuthukisa ukufunda kwabafundi.
Sekukonke, ukuphatha umthwalo wezemfundo ngempumelelo—kwabafundi kanye nothisha—kuhilela ukuhlanganisa ukuhlela okungokoqobo, ukunaka inhlalakahle, kanye nezindinganiso ezicacile zokuhlela . Uma lezi zinto ezintathu zilinganisiwe, inyuvesi ayibe yibanga elikhathazayo futhi iba yindawo enzima, yebo, kodwa futhi enempilo futhi eqhubekayo esikhathini eside.
