Umthetho wokuhlinzeka nesidingo umele umqondo oyisisekelo kuthiyori yezomnotho, obonisa ukuthi ukusebenzelana kokuhlinzekwa nokufunwa kwezimpahla namasevisi kunquma kanjani amanani azo kanye namanani emakethe. Lo mgomo uthi intengo yomkhiqizo iyahlukahluka kuye ngenani elitholakalayo (ukunikezwa) kanye nenani abathengi abazimisele ukulithola (isidingo).
Incazelo yomnikelo
Ukuphakelwa kubhekisela enanini lempahla noma isevisi abakhiqizi abazimisele ukuyithengisa ngamanani ahlukene esikhathini esithile. Ngokuvamile, njengoba intengo yomkhiqizo ikhuphuka , inani elinikezwayo livame ukwanda. Lokhu kuziphatha kungenxa yokuthi abakhiqizi bafuna ukwandisa imali engenayo yabo ; intengo ephezulu ngokuvamile ibavumela ukuthi bamboze kangcono izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi banikeze inzuzo enkulu. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwentengo nenani elinikezwayo buboniswa yi- supply curve , ngokuvamile ene-slope ephezulu.
Incazelo yesidingo
Isidingo sibhekisela enanini lempahla noma isevisi abathengi abazimisele futhi abakwazi ukuyithenga ngamanani ahlukene phakathi nesikhathi esithile. Ngokungafani nokuhlinzekwa, lapho intengo yomkhiqizo yehla , inani elifunwayo liyakhuphuka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi intengo ephansi yenza umkhiqizo ube lula kubathengi abaningi. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwentengo nenani elifunwayo bumelelwa ngemidwebo yi- demand curve , ngokuvamile ene-slope ephansi.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kokuhlinzeka nokufunwa
Ukusebenzisana kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo kuholela endaweni yokulingana , okusungula intengo lapho inani elinikeziwe lifanelana khona nenani elifunwayo. Leli phuzu libalulekile, njengoba lisungula intengo yemakethe eqinile. Uma intengo iphakeme kunentengo yokulingana, kuzovela insalela , okusho ukuthi kunemikhiqizo eminingi etholakalayo kunaleyo abathengi abazimisele ukuyithenga. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekwehleni kwamanani.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma intengo ingaphansi kwentengo yokulingana, kukhiqizwa isidingo eseqile , okusho ukuthi abathengi bafuna imikhiqizo eminingi kunaleyo etholakala emakethe. Lesi simo sivame ukubangela ukuthi amanani enyuke, njengoba abakhiqizi besabela esidingweni esiphezulu ngokwandisa amanani abo.
Izinto ezithinta ukunikezwa
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithonya ukuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo namasevisi. Phakathi kwazo, okulandelayo kuyagqama:
- Izindleko zokukhiqiza: Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe noma zabasebenzi kungaholela ekuncipheni kokunikezwayo, njengoba abakhiqizi benezisusa ezincane zokunikeza imikhiqizo efanayo ngamanani adlule.
- Ubuchwepheshe: Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ingavumela abakhiqizi ukuthi benze izimpahla ngendlela ephumelelayo, okwandisa ukunikela.
- Okulindelwe yimaketheUma abakhiqizi belindele ukwanda kwesidingo sesikhathi esizayo, bangase banqume ukukhulisa ukunikezwa komkhiqizo namuhla, balindele ukuthi amanani anyuke kamuva.
- Imithetho kahulumeni: Izinqubomgomo ezinjengezintela noma izibonelelo zingathinta ukusebenza kwezomnotho kwemikhiqizo ethile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukunikezwa kwayo.
Izinto ezithinta isidingo
Njengokunikezwa, isidingo sithonywa yizici eziningana:
- Imali engenayo yabathengi: Ukwenyuka kwemali engenayo ngokuvamile kuphakamisa isidingo semikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi leyo ecatshangwayo izimpahla ezijwayelekile.
- Okuthandwayo nokuthandwa: Izinguquko kumathrendi omthengi zingabangela ukushintshashintsha kwesidingo; ngokwesibonelo, ukukhuphuka kokuduma komkhiqizo othile kungaholela ekwenyukeni kwesidingo sawo.
- Amanani ezimpahla ezihlobene: Isidingo somkhiqizo singathonywa nayintengo yezimpahla ezishintshayo noma ezihambisanayo. Ukwenyuka kwentengo yempahla eshintshayo kungase kubangele abathengi abaningi ukuba bakhethe ukuthenga lowo mkhiqizo, kukhuphule isidingo sawo.
- Inombolo yabathengi: Ukwanda kwenani labantu noma inani labantu abafuna ukuthenga umkhiqizo kungakhuphula kakhulu isidingo sisonke saleyo nto.
I-Elasticity of supply kanye nesidingo
Ukunwebeka kubhekisela ekuzweleni kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo ekushintsheni kwamanani . Ukunwebeka kwentengo kwesidingo kulinganisa ukuthi inani elifunwayo lishintsha kanjani ekuphenduleni ushintsho lwentengo. Uma inani elifunwayo lishintsha kakhulu ekuphenduleni ushintsho lwentengo, isidingo kuthiwa siyanwebeka . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma inani elifunwayo lingashintshi kakhulu, libhekwa njengelingenasici.
Ukuqina kwentengo kokuhlinzekwa kusebenza ngendlela efanayo, kuhlola ukuthi inani elinikeziwe lisabela kanjani ezinguqukweni zentengo. Ukuqonda ukuqina kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo kuvumela osomnotho namabhizinisi ukubikezela ukuthi ukushintshashintsha kwentengo kuzothinta kanjani imakethe iyonke.
Izicelo zomthetho wokuhlinzeka nokufunwa
Umthetho wokuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo awusetshenziswa kuphela emibonweni yezomnotho, kodwa futhi unemiphumela engokoqobo emikhakheni eyahlukene. Isibonelo, izimakethe zezisebenzi zibonisa ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwabasebenzi kanye nesidingo esivela kubaqashi kunquma kanjani amaholo. Ukwanda kokuhlinzekwa kwabasebenzi ngesidingo esiqhubekayo kungaholela ekwehleni kwamaholo.
Ngokufanayo, emakethe yezimpahla ezifana nokudla noma ubuchwepheshe, ukuguquguquka kwamanani kuyabonwa ngokusekelwe ekuhlinzekweni nasekudingweni . Ngesikhathi semicimbi efana nezinkinga zomnotho noma izinhlekelele zemvelo, lezi zinguquko ziba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoba zingabangela ushintsho olusheshayo emananini emikhiqizo ebalulekile.
Amashadi okunikezwayo nokufunwa
Amagrafu okuphakelwa kanye nokufunwa ngamathuluzi abalulekile asivumela ukuthi sibone ubudlelwano phakathi kwentengo kanye nenani lezimpahla emakethe ethile. I -axis eqondile imele intengo, kanti i -axis evundlile imele inani. Ukuhlangana kwama-supply kanye nama-demand curve kubonisa intengo yokulingana.
Ukushintsha kwalezi zigodi kungabangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezici okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla . Ukushintsha kwegodi lokufuna liye kwesokudla kubonisa ukwanda kwesidingo, kanti ukushintshela kwesobunxele kubonisa ukwehla.
Amashadi awusizo ekuhlaziyeni izimo zokucatshangelwa, asize ukubikezela ukuthi izinguquko ekuhlinzekweni noma ekufuneni zizothinta kanjani ukulingana kwemakethe.
Imithelela yenqubomgomo yezomnotho
Umthetho wokuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo uthonya ukwakhiwa kwezinqubomgomo zomnotho. Lapho beklama intela noma izibonelelo, ohulumeni bacabanga ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zizothinta kanjani ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sezimpahla ezithile. Isibonelo, uxhaso lokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo luhlose ukwandisa ukuhlinzekwa, ngethemba lokwehlisa amanani nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho ubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezinqubomgomo zezimali . Ngokushintsha amazinga enzalo, amabhange amakhulu azama ukuthonya ukunikezwa kwemali, okuthi kamuva kuthinte isidingo emnothweni.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo kanye nezidingo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amasu ebhizinisi. Izinkampani zisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukulungisa imisebenzi yazo futhi zandise imali engenayo ngokusekelwe ezimeni zemakethe.
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